He Toi Whakairo: The Art of Maori Carving at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

 

Tekoteko (gable figure), 1850-1900. Te Papa (ME011429)
© Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

 
 

He Toi Whakairo

The Art of Maori Carving

August 29, 2026 — August 2031

 

He toi whakairo, he mana tangata.
Where there is artistic excellence, there is human dignity.
– Māori leader Piri Sciascia (Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāi Tahu)

Experience over 140 whakairo spanning seven centuries – many never exhibited before. He Toi Whakairo showcases creativity, ancestral narratives, and contemporary innovation. Every carving is an expression of artistic excellence and mana.

This major long-term exhibition celebrates the dynamic artform of whakairo. He Toi Whakairo is one of the most comprehensive displays of carving since Te Maori — the groundbreaking 1984-86 exhibition that toured the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand.

Protected within the walls of a pā tūwatawata, taonga tell the story of this living, ever-changing artform. Trace whakairo’s artistic journey from its Pacific origins over 700 years ago to contemporary carvers. 

Follow the tohu trail to learn more about specific designs and patterns. Watch a video of contemporary leading carver Sam Hauwaho at work. Discover the teachings of different Tohunga Whakairo and how they inspired others to pick up the chisel. See innovative works by wāhine carvers that expand the idea of carving as a male-only artform.  

From the smallest carved matau to the grandest wharenui, experience the mauri of whakairo. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Exhibition Preview

 

Paepae pātaka (threshold for storehouse), 1650-1850. Oldman Collection. Gift of the New Zealand Government, 1992. Te Papa (OL000041)

This paepae pataka (outer threshold of a storehouse) is likely of Taranaki origin, identifiable by its chevroned heads and a carved composition of five figures: three central figures, including a female, flanked by two terminating manaia.

Pataka were important food storehouses whose carved decoration signalled a chief’s wealth, authority, and ability to provide for and protect their people.

Pātītī (hatchet), 1800-1900. Bequest of Kenneth Athol Webster, 1969. Te Papa (WE001873)

Māori adapted European axe heads, made for cutting and splitting wood, into pātītī (hatchets) for close combat. Before the introduction of axe heads as trade items, the pātītī had no precedent in Māori weaponry.

Tekoteko (gable figure), 1850-1900. Te Papa (ME011429)

This is one of two known Māori tekoteko (carved figures) which depict Mary and Jesus. An example of cultural exchange between Māori and Pākehā, it integrates Christian, and in particular Roman Catholic, beliefs with a Māori world view.

The unknown carver has suggested the concept of the Virgin Mother of God by placing a full facial moko (tattoo) on the face of Mary.  In doing so, he has likened her to an Ariki Tapairu, the firstborn female in a family of high rank.

Ariki Tapairu were invested with special tapu (sacredness) and their full moko signified their status. The figure appears to be standing on a head, and in Māori symbolism, this is a reminder that man comes from woman.  

Wakahuia (treasure box), 1750-1850. Purchased 2004. Te Papa (ME023357)

This cocoon-shaped waka huia (treasure box) has pāua shell–inlaid eyes and is fully carved with rauru spiral designs – rauru are rauponga, an alternating pattern of pākati (dog tooth pattern) notches and haehae (parallel grooves).

Waka huia were used to store prized personal adornments like hei tiki (pendants in human form) and huia feathers (extinct New Zealand bird that Māori considered sacred) and a symbol of leadership and high status.

Waka huia were hung from house rafters to protect their treasured contents.

Poupou (side wall post), Te Ngaru Ranapia by Lyonel Grant 2020. Commissioned by Te Papa (ME024645)

Hoe urunga (steering paddle) by Clive Fugill 2001. Purchased 2016. Te Papa (ME024210)

Clive Fugill (Ngāti Ranginui, Ngāi Te Rangi, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Rangiwewehi) is a Tohunga Whakairo Rākau (Master Carver) and one of Aotearoa’s foremost practitioners of whakairo.

Known for his leadership in the revitalisation of traditional Māori carving, he has been with the New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute (NZMACI) since its first intake in 1967.

Hoe urunga (steering paddle) is a finely carved paddle used to guide and control a waka (traditional canoeing and ocean voyaging).

 

Exhibition co-curator Dougal Austin with hoe urunga (steering paddle) by Clive Fugill, 2001. Photo by Tia Nepia-Su'a, 2026, Te Papa.

Exhibition co-curators Jana Pātete and Dougal Austin with poupou (house wall post) Te Ngaru Ranapia, by Lyonel Grant, 2020. Photo by Tia Nepia-Su'a, 2026, Te Papa.